Dangerous dogs in Spain

What are the laws in Spain about dangerous dogs?

Definition and Regulation

In Spain, the regulation of potentially dangerous dogs is based on various national and regional laws  with specific requirements for ownership, handling, and registration.

Breeds Considered Potentially Dangerous

These include:

• Akita Inu
• American Staffordshire Terrier
• Bullmastiff
• Doberman
• Dogo Argentino
• Dogue de Bordeaux
• Fila Brasileiro
• Neapolitan Mastiff
• Pit Bull Terrier
• Presa Canario
• Rottweiler
• Staffordshire Bull Terrier
• Tosa Inu

Additionally, dogs exhibiting specific physical characteristics, such as a strong jaw, muscular build, or a history of aggression, may also be classified as potentially dangerous. 

Requirements for Owners

Individuals intending to own or handle a potentially dangerous dog must:

• Be of legal age.
• Possess a clean criminal record, particularly concerning offenses related to homicide, injury, torture, freedom, moral integrity, sexual freedom, public health, association with armed groups, or drug trafficking.
• Demonstrate physical and psychological fitness, certified by authorized centers.
• Obtain a municipal license specific to potentially dangerous dogs, valid for five years and renewable.
• Secure third-party liability insurance with a minimum coverage, which varies by region (e.g., €120,000 nationally, €175,000 in Andalusia). 

Handling Regulations:

When in public spaces, owners must ensure that potentially dangerous dogs:

• Wear an approved muzzle.
• Are leashed with a non-extendable lead not exceeding two meters (one meter in Andalusia).
• Are handled one dog per person.

Private properties housing these dogs must have secure enclosures with appropriate signage to prevent accidental escape and protect public safety.

Recent Legislative Updates:

As of September 29, 2023, Spain's Animal Welfare Law mandates that all dog owners, regardless of the dog's breed, obtain civil liability insurance. This policy aims to enhance protection and reduce animal abandonment. Non-compliance can result in fines ranging from €500 to €10,000.

Given that regional governments may impose additional regulations, it's essential for dog owners to consult local authorities to ensure full compliance with all applicable laws.

Applicable Laws

• Law 50/1999 on the ownership of potentially dangerous animals.
• Royal Decree 287/2002, which develops Law 50/1999.
• Law 7/2023, on animal rights and welfare.
• Law 11/2003 of Andalusia, with specific regulations for the autonomous community.

For more information, check with local authorities regarding specific regulations in your autonomous community.

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Last Modified on February 23rd, 2025
Created on February 23rd, 2025
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