Low-Emission Zones in Spain
What is Spain’s Low-Emissions System?
Spain’s Low-Emission Zones (Zonas de Bajas Emisiones, ZBE) limit or prohibit access for higher-polluting vehicles in designated urban areas to improve air quality and public health.
- Climate Change & Energy Transition Law (Law 7/2021) sets the national framework.
- Since January 2023, municipalities with 50,000+ residents (and certain smaller/high-pollution areas) must implement a ZBE.
Vehicle access depends on the DGT (traffic authority) emissions sticker:
| Sticker | Vehicle types | Typical access |
|---|---|---|
| 0 Emissions (blue) | Battery EVs, fuel-cell, PHEVs (≥ ~40 km electric range) | Full access |
| ECO (green/blue) | Hybrids, mild hybrids, LPG/CNG | Broad access (some limits possible) |
| C (green) | Petrol ≥ 2006; Diesel ≥ Sept 2015 | Allowed but may face restrictions in peak pollution episodes |
| B (yellow) | Petrol ≥ 2001; Diesel ≥ 2006 | Frequently restricted or banned depending on the zone |
| No sticker | Older petrol/diesel (pre-2000 petrol; pre-2006 diesel) | Usually prohibited |
How cities apply the rules
- Madrid: Citywide ZBE with a stricter central district.
- Barcelona: “ZBE Rondes” active on weekdays (e.g., 7:00–20:00).
- Valencia, Seville, Bilbao, Málaga, and others have active or expanding zones.
Goals
- Cut NO₂ and PM2.5 levels.
- Protect public health and meet EU air-quality standards.
- Encourage cleaner vehicles and public transport.
- Support climate neutrality targets.
Penalties & enforcement
- Entering a ZBE without authorization can result in fines (commonly around €200, city-dependent).
- Automated cameras and roadside checks verify plates and DGT sticker status.
Quick checklist
- Know your sticker: Check your DGT environmental label.
- Check local rules: Zone map, hours, and exemptions vary by city.
- Plan alternatives: Park-and-ride, public transport, or car-share.
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Last Modified on October 24th, 2025
Created on October 24th, 2025
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